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2017-2023
World's most polluted cities
Most polluted city ranking based on annual average PM2.5 concentration (μg/m³)
2023
World Air Quality Report
PM2.5 legend
0-5
Meets WHO guideline
5.1-10
Exceeds by 1 to 2 times
10.1-15
Exceeds by 2 to 3 times
15.1-25
Exceeds by 3 to 5 times
25.1-35
Exceeds by 5 to 7 times
35.1-50
Exceeds by 7 to 10 times
>50.1
Exceeds by over 10 times
Rank | City | 2023 | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 51 |  Ojdula, Romania | 21.9 | 35.4 | 39.5 | 29.7 | 22.5 | 15.7 | 12.7 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 14.9 | 17.5 | 17.4 | 36.1 | 28.1 | 30.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 52 |  Mladenovac, Serbia | 21.9 | -- | -- | 21.2 | 23.4 | 17.7 | 17.7 | 17.3 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 19.9 | 23.5 | 45.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 53 | Kragujevac, Serbia | 21.9 | 40.4 | 40.5 | 25.4 | 21.6 | 13.7 | 11.6 | 10.9 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 12.3 | 22.4 | 41.9 | 25.2 | 25 | 29.8 | 24.7 | -- | -- |
| 54 | Ovca, Serbia | 21.6 | 33 | 38.8 | 21.8 | 21.3 | 12.3 | 12.1 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 14 | 15.3 | 20 | 48.4 | 28.8 | 18.8 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 55 | Lipe, Serbia | 21.6 | 63.9 | -- | 24.5 | 23.8 | 16.1 | 15 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 20.8 | 23.6 | 44.7 | 42.1 | 30.7 | 26.4 | -- | -- | -- |
| 56 |  Koprivnica, Croatia | 21.3 | 30.4 | 41.6 | 25 | 17.3 | 15.9 | 15 | 10.2 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 13.5 | 21.1 | 39.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 57 | Omoljica, Serbia | 21.3 | 28.6 | 36.8 | 24.2 | 20.1 | 14.3 | 11 | 12 | 15.2 | 15.7 | 17.8 | 20.6 | 43.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 58 |  Bitola, North Macedonia | 20.9 | 42.8 | 34.5 | 16.3 | 10.1 | 7.7 | 12.1 | 14.5 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 15.3 | 23.2 | 50.1 | 18.5 | 22 | 25.9 | -- | -- | -- |
| 59 |  Ksawerów, Poland | 20.9 | 32.4 | 32.5 | 33.3 | 27.3 | 14.8 | 17.4 | 12.3 | 12.7 | 17.1 | 17 | 17.7 | 20.6 | 30.8 | 31.9 | 28.7 | 28.7 | -- | -- |
| 60 | Popricani, Romania | 20.8 | 31.7 | 29.2 | 28.2 | 23.3 | 14.7 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.7 | 15.5 | 11.5 | 17.1 | 34.2 | 23.2 | 31 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 61 | Usce, Serbia | 20.8 | 31.7 | 18.6 | 21.9 | 20.9 | 15.8 | 15.9 | 17.3 | 18.3 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 35.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 62 |  Zvornik, Bosnia Herzegovina | 20.6 | 34 | 37.5 | 22.5 | 21.2 | 16.2 | 16.4 | 15 | 15.9 | 15.1 | 12.7 | 15.2 | 26.5 | 26.8 | 25.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 63 |  Vasilika, Greece | 20.6 | 31.3 | 34.4 | 22.5 | 18.8 | 15.5 | 14 | 16.1 | 15.7 | 14.7 | 11.2 | 10.4 | 29.3 | 23.9 | 23.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 64 |  Schivenoglia, Italy | 20.6 | 24.2 | 38.9 | 25.6 | 12.9 | 10.2 | 8.9 | 11.1 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 32.3 | 10.6 | 19.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 65 | Modena, Italy | 20.3 | 32.2 | 42.2 | 21.2 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 13.1 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 18.7 | 20.5 | 24.5 | 24.8 | 23.2 | 24.3 | 23.4 | 25.2 | 22.1 |
| 66 | Orzesze, Poland | 20.2 | 36.4 | 35 | 26.3 | 20.9 | 8.1 | 6.9 | 5.4 | 7 | 12.5 | 17.8 | 24.7 | 34.1 | 32.1 | 38.2 | 44.1 | -- | -- | -- |
| 67 | Gaggiano, Italy | 20.1 | 32.2 | 35.3 | 23.1 | 14.3 | 12.3 | 13.9 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 17.1 | 17.2 | 18.9 | 34.5 | 26.8 | 27.3 | 32.7 | -- | -- | -- |
| 68 |  Spešov, Czech Republic | 20 | 29.1 | 33.6 | 26.2 | 19.9 | 12.1 | 11.5 | 9 | 11.1 | 22.4 | 17 | 17.1 | 35 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 69 |  Dudince, Slovakia | 20 | 34.3 | 33.1 | 24.2 | 14.4 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 11.4 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 14.4 | 19.5 | 47.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 70 | Veľká Ida, Slovakia | 20 | 20.8 | 29.1 | 22.7 | 21.8 | 24.4 | 17.7 | 16.8 | 15.8 | 16.5 | 14.7 | 14.1 | 25.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 71 | Vimodrone, Italy | 19.9 | 24.8 | 38 | 23.3 | 14.7 | 14.2 | 14.9 | 14.1 | 12 | 19.4 | 27 | 15.8 | 22.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 72 | Lodi, Italy | 19.8 | 24.9 | 32.8 | 21.3 | 12.5 | 11 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 19.4 | 19.9 | 22.8 | 31.7 | 15.6 | 18.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 73 | Irakleio, Greece | 19.7 | 32.4 | 36 | 20.9 | 11.7 | 16 | 16.2 | 18.9 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 14.9 | 10.4 | 26.6 | 23.6 | 20.8 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 74 | Kardia, Greece | 19.6 | 26.8 | 28.2 | 20.9 | 16.5 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 17.4 | 20.7 | 30.7 | 13.2 | 8.5 | 21.7 | 22.6 | 22.1 | 22.3 | 22 | -- | -- |
| 75 | Kalisz, Poland | 19.6 | 27.7 | 28.6 | 26.6 | 21.8 | 15.6 | 14.4 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 15.8 | 16.7 | 19.2 | 31.5 | 21.8 | 23.9 | 18.8 | 19.4 | 23.3 | 26.1 |
| 76 | Trn, Bosnia Herzegovina | 19.4 | 44.4 | 37.4 | 34.2 | 15.5 | 14.8 | 11.5 | 10.3 | 13.4 | 13 | 11.6 | 22.6 | 54.8 | 36.9 | 37.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 77 | Lublin, Poland | 19.4 | 25.8 | 25.7 | 26.4 | 19.1 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 13.9 | 13.2 | 16.2 | 15.2 | 19.8 | 27.4 | 19.1 | 23.1 | 18.5 | 20.5 | 21 | 21.6 |
| 78 | Raciborz, Poland | 19.3 | 25 | 28.5 | 23.8 | 23.7 | 15.1 | 12.1 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 14.5 | 17.9 | 18.2 | 33.7 | 22.1 | 27.4 | 24.9 | 24.5 | -- | -- |
| 79 | Paracin, Serbia | 19.3 | 24.7 | 30.9 | 20.1 | 15.7 | 17 | 13.8 | 12.8 | 15.3 | 13.4 | 13.5 | 16.6 | 34.3 | 21.8 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 80 | Jelsava, Slovakia | 19.3 | 28.5 | 36.6 | 21.7 | 17.1 | 13.2 | 8.2 | 9.7 | 11 | 9.7 | 14.5 | 22.9 | 39.7 | 21.3 | 23.7 | 19 | 21.4 | 24.3 | 26.7 |
| 81 | Pefki, Greece | 19.1 | 26 | 30.7 | 19.1 | 15.4 | 15.8 | 16.2 | 19.3 | 15.5 | 14.6 | -- | -- | 18 | 18.8 | 17.9 | 16.3 | -- | -- | -- |
| 82 | Plagiari, Greece | 19.1 | 28.8 | 33.5 | 19.5 | 17.8 | 16.2 | 15.1 | 16.7 | 16.2 | 14.9 | 11.7 | 9.8 | 32 | 22.9 | 22.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 83 | Briona, Italy | 19.1 | 31.2 | 36.2 | 25.6 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 15.2 | 9.1 | 7.1 | 13.9 | 14.7 | 14.2 | 22.3 | 24.5 | 21.5 | -- | 19.6 | -- | -- |
| 84 | Obrenovac, Serbia | 19.1 | 26.4 | 37.6 | 21.3 | 17.3 | 13 | 12.4 | 13 | 13 | 12.8 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 37.7 | 22.5 | 22.3 | 8.4 | 9.7 | -- | -- |
| 85 | Xanthi, Greece | 19 | 30.7 | 31.3 | 22.3 | 19.7 | 13.5 | 10.8 | 14.8 | 10.1 | 1.7 | 7.5 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 21.2 | 22.5 | 21.6 | -- | -- | -- |
| 86 | Brescia, Italy | 19 | 28.9 | 40.5 | 25.4 | 12.7 | 11.6 | 12 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 30.9 | 19.3 | 19.2 | 16.5 | 18.9 | 20.8 | 26.4 |
| 87 | Milano, Italy | 19 | 25.4 | 37.3 | 20.8 | 13.1 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 12.1 | 10.5 | 17.2 | 23.1 | 17 | 26.5 | 28.6 | 22.9 | 28.4 | 23.3 | 22.1 | 27.8 |
| 88 | Acharnes, Greece | 18.9 | 30.2 | 32.3 | 20.2 | 16.6 | 15.8 | 16.1 | 19 | 16.2 | 14.9 | 14 | 9.8 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 19.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 89 | Rho, Italy | 18.8 | -- | 47.3 | 22.1 | 13.9 | 12.9 | 14.6 | 14.3 | 9.1 | -- | 15.9 | 15.3 | 21.9 | 16.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 90 | Lwowek Slaski, Poland | 18.8 | 20.3 | 33.1 | 24.6 | 23.1 | 15.1 | 11.7 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 13.2 | 15.3 | 19.6 | 33.5 | 18.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 91 | Belgrade, Serbia | 18.8 | 31.3 | 32.5 | 19.4 | 16.9 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 14 | 13.3 | 13.9 | 14.5 | 33.2 | 22.1 | 23.4 | 24.3 | 23.3 | 23.9 | 24.5 |
| 92 | Cluj-Napoca, Romania | 18.7 | 29 | 31.1 | 23 | 16.4 | 14 | 11.9 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 14.4 | 15 | 16 | 26.4 | 26.4 | 20.1 | 13.1 | 15.7 | 21.4 | -- |
| 93 | Cim, Bosnia Herzegovina | 18.6 | 26.7 | 33.6 | 20.7 | 12 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 10.9 | 10 | -- | 6.5 | 13.4 | 33.7 | 43.5 | 20.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 94 | Jastrzebie Zdroj, Poland | 18.6 | -- | -- | 14.6 | 27.2 | 18.6 | 14.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 17.1 | 17.9 | 19.1 | 31 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 95 | Zvezdara, Serbia | 18.6 | -- | -- | 20.7 | 21.9 | 14.9 | 14.6 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 14.5 | 16.2 | 21.1 | 35.2 | 23.5 | 22.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 96 | Prokuplje, Serbia | 18.6 | 25.3 | 32.3 | 23.1 | 15.3 | 12.8 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 14.8 | 13.1 | -- | -- | -- | 26.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 97 | Thessaloniki, Greece | 18.5 | 23.7 | 26.2 | 16.8 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 15.7 | 15 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 13.5 | 18.8 | 33.8 | 19.7 | 20.8 | 20.9 | 23.3 | -- | -- |
| 98 | Piatto, Italy | 18.5 | 28.7 | 32.7 | 24.2 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 16 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 15.7 | 11.9 | 20.4 | 22.3 | 20.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 99 | Chiaravalle, Italy | 18.4 | 23.8 | 29.7 | 17.2 | 13.6 | 12.5 | 10.9 | 17.3 | 17.3 | 20.3 | 17.6 | 15.6 | 23.5 | 19.8 | 16.6 | 15.3 | 13.7 | -- | -- |
| 100 | Rudeni, Romania | 18.4 | 39.4 | -- | 24.6 | 19.1 | 10.9 | 11 | 14.1 | 13.9 | 13.8 | 20.4 | 21.2 | 40.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
1-50 of 1902
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