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2017-2023
World's most polluted cities
Most polluted city ranking based on annual average PM2.5 concentration (μg/m³)
2023
World Air Quality Report
PM2.5 legend
0-5
Meets WHO guideline
5.1-10
Exceeds by 1 to 2 times
10.1-15
Exceeds by 2 to 3 times
15.1-25
Exceeds by 3 to 5 times
25.1-35
Exceeds by 5 to 7 times
35.1-50
Exceeds by 7 to 10 times
>50.1
Exceeds by over 10 times
Rank | City | 2023 | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Torchiarolo, Italy | 38.1 | 14.1 | 83.6 | 59.6 | 10.3 | 13.9 | 11.9 | 128.7 | 13.5 | -- | -- | 13.4 | 35.5 | 10.8 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 13.8 | 17.2 | 19.9 |
| 2 | Ceglie Messapica, Italy | 35.6 | 82.6 | 19.8 | 103.3 | 8.6 | 47.8 | 8 | 16 | 16.8 | -- | -- | 14.1 | 19.6 | 10.6 | 36.6 | 31.7 | 30.7 | 16.2 | 15.7 |
| 3 | Padova, Italy | 24.9 | 36.1 | 63.2 | 30.2 | 17.7 | 13 | 14.9 | 11.3 | 13.6 | 15.9 | 19.1 | 25 | 39.7 | 23.5 | 21.8 | 28.5 | -- | -- | -- |
| 4 | Gossolengo, Italy | 22.5 | 40.8 | 40.5 | 25.3 | 17 | 16 | 16.7 | 15.3 | 14.5 | 16.6 | 18.2 | 25.1 | 38.5 | 24 | 25.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 5 | Santa Cristina e Bissone, Italy | 22.1 | 32.4 | 35.8 | 25.4 | 17.8 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 14.2 | 14.7 | 18.9 | 17.7 | 24.1 | 33.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 6 | Schivenoglia, Italy | 20.6 | 24.2 | 38.9 | 25.6 | 12.9 | 10.2 | 8.9 | 11.1 | 11.9 | 13.5 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 32.3 | 10.6 | 19.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 7 | Modena, Italy | 20.3 | 32.2 | 42.2 | 21.2 | 14.8 | 14.5 | 15.1 | 13.1 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 18.7 | 20.5 | 24.5 | 24.8 | 23.2 | 24.3 | 23.4 | 25.2 | 22.1 |
| 8 | Gaggiano, Italy | 20.1 | 32.2 | 35.3 | 23.1 | 14.3 | 12.3 | 13.9 | 11.1 | 12.6 | 17.1 | 17.2 | 18.9 | 34.5 | 26.8 | 27.3 | 32.7 | -- | -- | -- |
| 9 | Vimodrone, Italy | 19.9 | 24.8 | 38 | 23.3 | 14.7 | 14.2 | 14.9 | 14.1 | 12 | 19.4 | 27 | 15.8 | 22.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 10 | Lodi, Italy | 19.8 | 24.9 | 32.8 | 21.3 | 12.5 | 11 | 13.5 | 13.9 | 14.3 | 19.4 | 19.9 | 22.8 | 31.7 | 15.6 | 18.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 11 | Briona, Italy | 19.1 | 31.2 | 36.2 | 25.6 | 14.4 | 12.6 | 15.2 | 9.1 | 7.1 | 13.9 | 14.7 | 14.2 | 22.3 | 24.5 | 21.5 | -- | 19.6 | -- | -- |
| 12 | Brescia, Italy | 19 | 28.9 | 40.5 | 25.4 | 12.7 | 11.6 | 12 | 11.5 | 11.7 | 13.1 | 15.8 | 15.4 | 30.9 | 19.3 | 19.2 | 16.5 | 18.9 | 20.8 | 26.4 |
| 13 | Milano, Italy | 19 | 25.4 | 37.3 | 20.8 | 13.1 | 12.4 | 13.3 | 12.1 | 10.5 | 17.2 | 23.1 | 17 | 26.5 | 28.6 | 22.9 | 28.4 | 23.3 | 22.1 | 27.8 |
| 14 | Rho, Italy | 18.8 | -- | 47.3 | 22.1 | 13.9 | 12.9 | 14.6 | 14.3 | 9.1 | -- | 15.9 | 15.3 | 21.9 | 16.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 15 | Piatto, Italy | 18.5 | 28.7 | 32.7 | 24.2 | 12.9 | 12.2 | 16 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 14.5 | 15.7 | 11.9 | 20.4 | 22.3 | 20.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 16 | Chiaravalle, Italy | 18.4 | 23.8 | 29.7 | 17.2 | 13.6 | 12.5 | 10.9 | 17.3 | 17.3 | 20.3 | 17.6 | 15.6 | 23.5 | 19.8 | 16.6 | 15.3 | 13.7 | -- | -- |
| 17 | Torbole Casaglia, Italy | 17.6 | 28.3 | 38.1 | 21.4 | 10.5 | 9.9 | 10.4 | 9 | 9.2 | 13 | 16.5 | 16.7 | 29.5 | 28.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 18 | Vittuone, Italy | 17 | -- | -- | 11.9 | 14.2 | 12.9 | 15.1 | 14.2 | 12.9 | 18.8 | 25.7 | 16 | 22.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 19 | Settimo Milanese, Italy | 16.8 | -- | -- | -- | 13.2 | 11.6 | 13.7 | 14 | 11.8 | 18.7 | 26.9 | 17 | 23.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 20 | Pino Torinese, Italy | 16.5 | 25.5 | 27.8 | 19.7 | 15 | 10 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 12.9 | 12.1 | 16.3 | 13.4 | 21.2 | 16.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 21 | Esine, Italy | 16.3 | -- | 24.7 | 27.2 | 16.5 | 12.7 | 14.9 | 12.5 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 13 | 16.1 | 26.8 | 21.2 | 22.2 | 23.1 | 21.8 | -- | -- |
| 22 | Pavia, Italy | 16.1 | 29.4 | 27.5 | 19 | 12.2 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 8.9 | 9.9 | 12.2 | 12.8 | 16.2 | 22.9 | 23.7 | 22.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 23 | Magenta, Italy | 15.8 | -- | -- | -- | 10.9 | 10.9 | 13 | 12.9 | 11 | 16.1 | 24.1 | 16.5 | 24.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 24 | Terlizzi, Italy | 15.6 | 18.8 | 26 | 15.8 | 12.7 | 14.3 | 12.8 | 13.9 | 17.6 | 16.9 | 12.8 | 7.2 | 18.7 | 16.6 | 16.1 | 19.6 | 19.9 | -- | -- |
| 25 | Benevento, Italy | 15.6 | 28.5 | 27.1 | 17.6 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 13.8 | 17 | 10.1 | 12.1 | 12.3 | 12.9 | 32.2 | 16.6 | 14.4 | 20 | 16.2 | 14.2 | 19.4 |
| 26 | Pignataro Maggiore, Italy | 15.6 | 23.1 | 29.4 | 17 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 14.7 | 13 | 14.6 | 16.8 | 13.3 | 5.7 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 14.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 27 | Erba, Italy | 15.1 | 23.8 | 29.6 | 18.8 | 9.4 | 8.4 | 10.4 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 17.3 | 16.3 | 26.2 | 13 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 28 | Stazione, Italy | 15 | -- | -- | -- | 10.7 | 8.9 | 10.3 | 11.5 | 10.7 | 11.4 | 12.1 | 19 | 37.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 29 | Capannori, Italy | 14.9 | -- | -- | -- | 9.4 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 8.8 | 10 | 10 | 20.7 | 41.8 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 30 | Bergamo, Italy | 14.8 | 24.3 | 30.3 | 20 | 11.4 | 9 | 10.7 | 9.5 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 13.9 | 11.7 | 19.6 | 17.6 | 17.6 | 17.8 | 18.5 | 18 | 26.4 |
| 31 | Como, Italy | 14.8 | 21.1 | 29.7 | 19.1 | 10.8 | 10.5 | 11.8 | 10.8 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 16.5 | 6.5 | 22.2 | 14.7 | 20.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 32 | Ravenna, Italy | 14.5 | 22.8 | 27.6 | 13 | 8.4 | 12.1 | 12.4 | 11.3 | 10.5 | 12 | 16.2 | 18.6 | 28.2 | 16.4 | 12.6 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 33 | Trento, Italy | 14.2 | 16.8 | 31.7 | 18 | 9.8 | 8.6 | 12 | 11.6 | 11.9 | 12.6 | 13.4 | 10.6 | 17.3 | 14.8 | 13.3 | 13.7 | 11.9 | -- | -- |
| 34 | Cerrina, Italy | 14 | -- | -- | 16.5 | 10.2 | 9.7 | 11.7 | 11 | 3.2 | 13.4 | 19.8 | 14 | 20.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 35 | Besate, Italy | 13.7 | 24.4 | 24.5 | 16.4 | 9.6 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 7.4 | 8 | 10.7 | 13.6 | 12.1 | 22.8 | 18.7 | 22.6 | 25.9 | 24.1 | -- | -- |
| 36 | Falconara Marittima, Italy | 13.7 | 12.5 | 19.6 | 13.9 | 10.2 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 15.7 | 14.1 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 19 | 13.1 | 12.2 | 15.4 | 14.9 | -- | -- |
| 37 | Fabriano, Italy | 13.3 | 17.6 | 21.6 | 14.3 | 11.4 | 8.9 | 17.4 | 14.5 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 10.6 | 7.6 | 14.8 | 19.5 | 15.2 | 13 | -- | -- | -- |
| 38 | Villa Carcina, Italy | 13.2 | 20.9 | 26.1 | 17.2 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 8 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.6 | 12.2 | 19.8 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 39 | Rome, Italy | 13.1 | 18.8 | 22.7 | 11.2 | 8.7 | 10 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 11 | 12.6 | 12.8 | 8.8 | 17.2 | 12.6 | 11.1 | 13.6 | 12.9 | -- | -- |
| 40 | Rovereto, Italy | 13.1 | 15.1 | 27.1 | 14.9 | 9.4 | 8.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 12.2 | 11.1 | 12.8 | 8.8 | 16.1 | 14.7 | 13.2 | 13 | 11.6 | -- | -- |
| 41 | Florence, Italy | 13.1 | -- | -- | -- | 11.3 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 12.3 | 10.8 | 12.8 | 12.5 | 15.3 | 21.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 42 | Prato, Italy | 13.1 | -- | -- | -- | 9 | 8.1 | 9.6 | 11 | 10.1 | 10.4 | 11 | 16.5 | 29.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 43 | Torino, Italy | 12.9 | 15.8 | 22.1 | 14.8 | 8.7 | 7.3 | 9.4 | 11.6 | 9.1 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 10.5 | 21.3 | 7 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 8.5 | 12.1 | 12.9 |
| 44 | Laives, Italy | 12.9 | 18 | 22.1 | 13.6 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 10.1 | 11.5 | 11.3 | 12.5 | 12.3 | 9.9 | 16.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 45 | Ora, Italy | 12.8 | 16 | 22.7 | 15.2 | 8.7 | 7.5 | 12.4 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 8.6 | 15.7 | 13.3 | 13.1 | 13 | 12.4 | -- | -- |
| 46 | Noale, Italy | 12.8 | 23.2 | 32.3 | 18.3 | 9.2 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 8.8 | 8 | 8.9 | 13.5 | 6.9 | 20.6 | 22.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 47 | Borgo, Italy | 12.6 | 20.9 | 24.1 | 13.2 | 8.2 | 6.9 | 9 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 9.1 | 11 | 10.9 | 20.3 | 13 | 15 | 14.6 | 12.4 | -- | -- |
| 48 | Bolzano-Bozen, Italy | 12.4 | 17.4 | 23.6 | 14.6 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 8 | 11.3 | 13 | 9.8 | 16.1 | 12.2 | 11.3 | 11.7 | 11.3 | -- | -- |
| 49 | Pisa, Italy | 12.1 | -- | -- | -- | 9.9 | 9.4 | 10.1 | 11.7 | 11 | 12.6 | 11.4 | 10.8 | 20.2 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 50 | Merano, Italy | 11.7 | 16 | 21.1 | 15.5 | 7 | 7 | 11.3 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 9.9 | 10.6 | 9.3 | 14.4 | 12.2 | 12.9 | 11.8 | 11.9 | -- | -- |
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