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2017-2023
World's most polluted cities
Most polluted city ranking based on annual average PM2.5 concentration (μg/m³)
2023
World Air Quality Report
PM2.5 legend
0-5
Meets WHO guideline
5.1-10
Exceeds by 1 to 2 times
10.1-15
Exceeds by 2 to 3 times
15.1-25
Exceeds by 3 to 5 times
25.1-35
Exceeds by 5 to 7 times
35.1-50
Exceeds by 7 to 10 times
>50.1
Exceeds by over 10 times
Rank | City | 2023 | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Deinze, Belgium | 14.9 | 18 | 21.7 | 15.7 | 20.7 | 17.5 | 16.3 | 8.1 | 10 | 13.2 | 10.9 | 12.3 | 16 | 17.4 | 18.7 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 2 | Heist-op-den-Berg, Belgium | 13 | 17.2 | 21.8 | 12.5 | 17.3 | 15.7 | 14.7 | 6.9 | 8.7 | 12.6 | 8.5 | 9 | 11.4 | 16.7 | 18.8 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 3 | Oostrozebeke, Belgium | 12.8 | 15.9 | 20.7 | 12.2 | 15 | 14.4 | 14.2 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 11.9 | 11.7 | 10.6 | 12.7 | 14.1 | 15.2 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 17.2 | 17.3 |
| 4 | Zulte, Belgium | 12.6 | 15.9 | 20.4 | 12.1 | 17.2 | 14.3 | 14.1 | 6.8 | 8.3 | 11.9 | 7.6 | 6.6 | 12.1 | 16.3 | 17.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 5 | Gistel, Belgium | 12.5 | 12.3 | 16.6 | 11 | 13.5 | 15.1 | 16.6 | 9.8 | 10.1 | 15.4 | 10.7 | 8.7 | 10.5 | 11.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 6 | Evergem, Belgium | 12.1 | 13.9 | 20.9 | 10.5 | 14.6 | 14.1 | 13.2 | 7.5 | 7.7 | 12.2 | 10 | 9.2 | 11.6 | 13.9 | 14.4 | 13 | 14.2 | 15.3 | 14.2 |
| 7 | Wielsbeke, Belgium | 12.1 | 14.6 | 21.4 | 10.9 | 14.7 | 14.1 | 13.8 | 7.2 | 8 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 9.5 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 15 | 13.9 | 14.8 | 16.5 | 14.9 |
| 8 | Roeselare, Belgium | 11.6 | 13.4 | 20 | 9.9 | 14.6 | 13.5 | 14 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 11.4 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 11 | 14 | 13.3 | 12.1 | 13.3 | 15.3 | 14.1 |
| 9 | Menen, Belgium | 11.5 | 14 | 20.1 | 10.3 | 14.4 | 13.7 | 13.4 | 7 | 7.2 | 10.5 | 8.8 | 8.6 | 11.3 | 13.5 | 14.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 10 | Genk, Belgium | 10.9 | 12.5 | 18.5 | 9.8 | 12 | 13.9 | 11.9 | 6.8 | 7.9 | 9.2 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 10.8 | 11.8 | 13.9 | 11.6 | -- | -- | -- |
| 11 | Zwevegem, Belgium | 10.9 | 12.3 | 18.1 | 9.2 | 14.4 | 14 | 12.7 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 9.8 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 10.9 | 12.2 | 14 | 11.7 | 13.3 | 15.4 | 13.9 |
| 12 | Antwerp, Belgium | 10.7 | 12.1 | 17.9 | 8.9 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 12 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 11 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 10.8 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 13 | Damme, Belgium | 10.5 | 11.1 | 17.3 | 9.2 | 12.6 | 12.7 | 12.4 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 11.9 | 8.6 | 6.1 | 9.7 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 10.5 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 12.8 |
| 14 | Schoten, Belgium | 10.5 | 12.9 | 19.2 | 9.1 | 11.6 | 11.7 | 10.5 | 5.9 | 6.8 | 10.5 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 11.2 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 11.4 | 12.8 | 14.5 | 14.3 |
| 15 | Antwerpen, Belgium | 10.4 | 12.2 | 17.7 | 8.9 | 12.2 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 10.4 | 8.4 | 8 | 10.5 | 11.4 | 12.7 | 10.7 | 12.9 | 14.4 | 14 |
| 16 | Destelbergen, Belgium | 10.3 | 12.7 | 17.8 | 9 | 12.3 | 12.8 | 11.3 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 8.8 | 8 | 8.2 | 10.9 | 11.9 | 12.3 | 10.9 | 12.5 | 14.2 | 13.6 |
| 17 | Vilvoorde, Belgium | 10.3 | 11.5 | 16.4 | 8.7 | 11.6 | 12.9 | 11.8 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 10.5 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 10.7 | 12 | 10.6 | 12.6 | 14.9 | 14.2 |
| 18 | Beveren, Belgium | 10.2 | 12 | 16.9 | 8.4 | 11.8 | 11.6 | 11.2 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 10.9 | 8.7 | 8.1 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 13 | 11.6 | 13.3 | 14.9 | 14.4 |
| 19 | Dendermonde, Belgium | 10.2 | -- | 10.2 | 11.8 | 16.3 | 14 | 13.5 | 6.2 | 6.9 | 9.7 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 10.4 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 20 | Mechelen, Belgium | 10.2 | 12.1 | 17.2 | 9.1 | 11.4 | 12.3 | 11.2 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 9.2 | 8.6 | 8.4 | 10.5 | 12 | 11.9 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 21 | Zelzate, Belgium | 10.2 | 12.5 | 16.9 | 9.2 | 11.7 | 11.4 | 10.7 | 6.6 | 6.7 | 10 | 9 | 8.4 | 10.5 | 11.9 | 12.8 | 11.9 | 14.7 | 15.6 | 15 |
| 22 | Zwijndrecht, Belgium | 10.2 | 12.1 | 16.8 | 8.7 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 11.5 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 10.1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 11 | 11.7 | 10.1 | 9.2 | -- | -- |
| 23 | Gent, Belgium | 10.1 | 11.7 | 17.8 | 8.6 | 11.9 | 11.6 | 11.4 | 6.7 | 7 | 10.2 | 8.1 | 7.4 | 10 | 11.6 | 12.7 | 10.8 | 13 | 14.9 | 14 |
| 24 | Stabroek, Belgium | 10.1 | 12.4 | 18.1 | 8.7 | 11.5 | 11.9 | 10.8 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 9.6 | 8.3 | 7.9 | 10.3 | 11.8 | 12.9 | 11.9 | 11.7 | 13.6 | 13.6 |
| 25 | Seraing, Belgium | 10 | 11.9 | 18.6 | 10.2 | 12.5 | 12.4 | 11.1 | 6.7 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 6.8 | 6 | 7.2 | 11.6 | 12.7 | 10.9 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 11.4 |
| 26 | Brussels, Belgium | 9.8 | 10.5 | 15.8 | 8.9 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 11.8 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 9.5 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 11 | 9.3 | 14.1 | 14.1 | 14.9 |
| 27 | Sint-Jans-Molenbeek, Belgium | 9.5 | 10.1 | 15.1 | 8.4 | 11.2 | 11.6 | 11.8 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 8.8 | 8.1 | 7.3 | 8.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 28 | Boom, Belgium | 9.5 | 11 | 17.2 | 8.7 | 11.3 | 11.8 | 10.9 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 8.8 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 9.2 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.2 | 12.6 |
| 29 | Veurne, Belgium | 9.5 | 9.9 | 14.8 | 7.9 | 11.5 | 12.4 | 12.8 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 11.1 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 8.4 | 10.5 | 10.8 | 9.8 | 11.3 | 12.8 | 11.7 |
| 30 | Berchem-Sainte-Agathe, Belgium | 9.4 | 11.3 | 15.3 | 7.6 | 10.9 | 11.2 | 10.7 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 7.3 | 6.9 | 8.3 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 31 | Aarschot, Belgium | 9.4 | 11.5 | 16.8 | 8.3 | 10.9 | 11.5 | 10.6 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 9.1 | 10.5 | 12.1 | 10.1 | 11.6 | 13.7 | 12.7 |
| 32 | Dessel, Belgium | 9.4 | 11.4 | 15.5 | 7.9 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 10.5 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 8.7 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 9.8 | 11 | 11.9 | 10.7 | 12.3 | 13.2 | 13.8 |
| 33 | Hasselt, Belgium | 9.4 | 10.8 | 16 | 8.2 | 10.8 | 12 | 11 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 8.6 | 7 | 7.3 | 9.2 | 11.4 | 11.2 | 10 | -- | -- | -- |
| 34 | Ixelles, Belgium | 9.1 | 10.6 | 15.8 | 8.1 | 10.6 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 6 | 6 | 6.5 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 9.1 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 35 | Ukkel, Belgium | 8.4 | 10.3 | 13 | 7.8 | 9.5 | 10.9 | 10 | 5.9 | 6.4 | 7.3 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 7.5 | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| 36 | Landen, Belgium | 8.4 | 8.7 | 12.1 | 7.6 | 10.4 | 12 | 10.5 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 6.7 | 6.7 | 8.2 | 9.6 | 11.3 | 9.1 | 10.9 | 12.8 | 12.5 |
| 37 | Tournai, Belgium | 8.3 | 8.5 | 14.7 | 5.8 | 10.6 | 10.9 | 11.7 | 4.7 | 4.7 | 8 | 6.8 | 5.5 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 8.9 | 7.2 | 11 | 11.1 | 10.9 |
| 38 | Mons, Belgium | 8 | 9.8 | 17.8 | 6.6 | 12.5 | 10.9 | 7.2 | 3.5 | 4.8 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 9.3 | 10.6 | 7.9 | 12.1 | 11.3 | 11.4 |
| 39 | Châtelet, Belgium | 7.4 | 8.8 | 15 | 6.2 | 10.6 | 10.8 | 9.4 | 3 | 4.1 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 5 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 9.8 | 7.3 | 11.2 | 11.7 | 10.6 |
| 40 | Leuven, Belgium | 7.3 | 8.7 | 12.5 | 6 | 9.1 | 8.4 | 7.7 | 3.2 | 3.9 | 9.3 | 5.5 | 5.3 | 8.3 | 9.6 | 14.4 | 12.5 | 14.6 | -- | -- |
| 41 | Charleroi, Belgium | 7 | 9 | 15.7 | 6.5 | 9.9 | 10 | 7.4 | 2.8 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.6 | 6.3 | 8.4 | 9.5 | 7.9 | 10.6 | 12 | 11.4 |
| 42 | Liège, Belgium | 6.9 | 8.6 | 14.8 | 6.6 | 8.9 | 10.1 | 7.8 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 7.7 | 8.7 | 6.5 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 10 |
| 43 | Herstal, Belgium | 6.8 | 8.3 | 14.7 | 6.3 | 8.3 | 10.3 | 8.5 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 8 | 8.8 | 7.1 | 10.4 | 11 | 10.1 |
| 44 | Namur, Belgium | 6.8 | 9.3 | 15.3 | 6.7 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 8.8 | 3.7 | 3 | 3.6 | 2.6 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 10.2 | 10.5 | 12.2 | 7.2 | -- | -- |
| 45 | Saint-Nicolas, Belgium | 6.8 | 9.5 | 14.1 | 6.4 | 8.9 | 10.2 | 7.4 | 2.9 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 7.2 | 10.1 | 10.8 | 9.4 |
| 46 | Andenne, Belgium | 6.4 | 7.7 | 13.6 | 5.6 | 9.3 | 10.5 | 8.3 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 4.2 | 3 | 4.2 | 5.6 | 7.5 | 8.7 | 6.2 | 10.3 | 11.7 | 9.7 |
| 47 | Engis, Belgium | 6.2 | 6.2 | 13.6 | 5.8 | 7.3 | 7 | 6.1 | 2.6 | 5.5 | 6.6 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 12.2 | 11.9 | 12.7 |
| 48 | Baelen, Belgium | 5.3 | 4.7 | 11.4 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 9.1 | 7 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 5.5 | 7.6 | 5.3 | 8.9 | 8.6 | 8.4 |
| 49 | Somme-Leuze, Belgium | 5.2 | 6.2 | 9.9 | 4.5 | 6.6 | 7.8 | 6.7 | 1.7 | 4.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3 | 4.4 | 6.1 | 6.7 | 5.5 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 8 |
| 50 | Viroinval, Belgium | 4.6 | 6.3 | 10.9 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 3.7 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 2.9 | 4.3 | 5.2 | 6.7 | 4.8 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 7.6 |
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